Laser light, like other natural light, is produced by the transitions of atoms (molecules or ions). However, unlike ordinary light, laser light relies on spontaneous emission only for a very short initial period; the subsequent process is entirely determined by stimulated emission. Therefore, laser light has a very pure color, almost no divergence directionality, extremely high luminous intensity, and high coherence.
Laser cutting utilizes the high power density energy generated by focusing a laser beam. Under computer control, the laser is pulsed to discharge, outputting controlled, repetitive high-frequency pulsed laser light, forming a beam with a specific frequency and pulse width. This pulsed laser beam is conducted and reflected through an optical path and focused onto the surface of the object being processed by a focusing lens group, forming tiny, high-energy-density spots. The focal spot is located near the surface to be processed, instantly melting or vaporizing the material at high temperature. Each high-energy laser pulse instantaneously sputters a tiny hole into the object's surface. Under computer control, the laser processing head and the material being processed move continuously relative to each other according to a pre-drawn pattern, thus shaping the object into the desired form.
The process parameters (cutting speed, laser power, gas pressure, etc.) and motion trajectory during kerf cutting are all controlled by a CNC system, and the molten slag at the kerf is blown away by auxiliary gas under a certain pressure.